"Without nutrition, there is no cure." Why are so many hospital patients malnourished?

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Malnutrition is a problem that affects up to one in three patients admitted to hospital. Worse still, it may not be visible to the naked eye. How can it be recognized, what are its consequences, and how can it be prevented? explains Anna Sobolewska-Wawro, a clinical dietitian working with the Nutricia Foundation.

The common misconception is that malnutrition is associated with extreme emaciation. However, it can also develop in people who appear "normal." The body gradually weakens, often becoming noticeable only over time.

The consequences? They are very serious:

more frequent complications after surgery,
greater risk of infection,
poorer tolerance of therapy,
longer hospital stay or even interruption of treatment.

Anna Sobolewska-Wawro points out that nourishing the body is just as important as medications or treatments.

Over 6 million people are hospitalized in Poland every year. Unfortunately, as many as one-third of them arrive already malnourished, and in another 20-30% of patients, their nutritional status deteriorates during treatment.

This leads to what's known as post-hospitalization syndrome – after discharge, many people struggle with weakness, loss of muscle mass, and additional ailments. It's no wonder that one in five patients must return to the hospital within 30 days of discharge.

That's why we're increasingly talking about prerehabilitation—preparing a patient for surgery or intensive treatment. It includes:

nutritional support,
moderate physical activity,
psychological care.

Thanks to this, the patient tolerates the treatments better and recovers faster.

Although nutritional status is assessed by a physician upon admission, caregivers may also notice disturbing symptoms. What should they look out for?

weight loss,
lack of appetite,
weakness and apathy,
getting tired quickly,
problems chewing or swallowing.

The elderly, the chronically ill and cancer patients are particularly at risk.

As many as 58% of caregivers say they prepare meals for their sick loved ones. They are most concerned about their loved ones losing weight and muscle strength.

If a traditional diet isn't sufficient, your doctor may recommend medical nutrition, which is a special small-volume (approximately 125 ml) supplement that provides protein, vitamins, and minerals. High-protein supplements support the healing of post-operative wounds. They are recommended for use from the moment of diagnosis—for at least 14 days, and ideally throughout the entire treatment and recovery period. Regular use translates into improved body weight, greater strength, and improved well-being.